ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While it is commonly diagnosed in childhood, many individuals are not diagnosed until adolescence or adulthood. In New Zealand, an estimated 280,000 people are affected by ADHD, approximately 1 in 20 Kiwis. Alongside conventional treatments, some individuals explore herbal approaches to help manage symptoms. Certain medicinal herbs are believed to support brain function, memory, focus, and mental clarity, and may offer complementary support in managing ADHD.
The brain with ADHD
ADHD is associated with differences in the development of certain areas of the brain, particularly the frontal lobe, which plays a key role in regulating attention, behaviour, and executive functions (like planning, impulse control, and decision-making).
For individuals with ADHD, the prefrontal cortex, a specific part of the frontal lobe in the brain, develops at a slower rate compared to individuals without ADHD. This delay in development is typically around three years in children and adolescents. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for functions of controlling impulses, staying focused, organising tasks, and managing emotions. Because this area of the brain matures more slowly in those with ADHD, they may struggle with tasks that require sustained attention, controlling impulses, and regulating behaviour. These challenges can lead to the core symptoms of ADHD such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Herbal interventions may support brain function by improving blood flow, enhancing focus, and helping to reduce anxiety and stress often associated with ADHD.
ADHD doesn't occur due to a lack of intelligence or effort, but rather because the brain's development in key areas, especially those responsible for executive functions, is delayed. This slower maturation can make it harder for individuals with ADHD to manage tasks and behaviours in ways that others might find more normal.
ADHD in children: A closer look
Children with ADHD often have vibrant energy, creativity, and a unique way of thinking. While symptoms vary, many experience challenges with attention, self-regulation, and impulse control. They may find it difficult to stay focused on tasks, especially those that require sustained mental effort, and may become easily distracted. Their high energy can make it hard to sit still but fuels enthusiasm and curiosity. Emotional sensitivity may lead to quick mood changes shows their strong emotional awareness. Socially, they may need support with reading cues or taking turns. In the classroom, with the right strategies and support, children with ADHD can thrive and unlock their full learning potential.
ADHD in adults
While ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, many people continue to experience symptoms into adulthood without a formal diagnosis. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), suggests about 60% of children with ADHD will continue to have symptoms as adults. ADHD can manifest differently in adults than in children, with common symptoms including:
- Chronic procrastination: Difficulty completing tasks or meeting deadlines.
- Time management problems: Struggling to prioritise and organise daily responsibilities.
- Difficulty with focus: Trouble concentrating in meetings or conversations.
- Impulsivity: Making hasty decisions or engaging in risky behaviours.
With the right support and understanding, ADHD can be managed well and even have many advantages. These include enhanced creativity, the ability to think outside the box, and an innovative mindset. Their high energy levels can be an asset in dynamic and fast-paced environments, where they can thrive with multitasking and adaptability. Additionally, their impulsiveness can sometimes lead to bold decisions and taking risks that others might shy away from, which can result in unexpected successes.
ADHD in females
ADHD often presents differently in females than in males, making it more challenging to diagnose. While boys and men with ADHD typically display hyperactive and impulsive behaviours, which are more noticeable and disruptive, girls are more likely to have the inattentive subtype, characterised by daydreaming, forgetfulness, and difficulty focusing. These symptoms can be less obvious and more easily overlooked. This gender bias in recognition and diagnosis means that many females are not diagnosed until later in life, often in adulthood, when their symptoms may have led to more significant emotional or academic challenges.
Natural interventions with herbs for ADHD
While ADHD is typically treated with prescription medications (Ritalin or Concerta), many individuals seek complementary therapies to help manage symptoms. Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to support mental focus, reduce hyperactivity, and calm impulsive behaviours. Here are some herbs that may offer potential benefits for individuals with ADHD:
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba): One of the most well-known herbs for cognitive enhancement. It is believed to improve blood flow to the brain, which may, in turn, support memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function.
Bacopa (Bacopa monnieri): Bacopa has gained attention for its potential to help manage ADHD symptoms, particularly in reducing inattention and hyperactivity. Bacopa contains the constituent, Bacoside which has properties that support brain function and protect against damage. It helps prevent the buildup of harmful proteins in the brain, protecting it from toxic effects.
Withania (Withania somnifera): Also known as Ashwagandha. An adaptogenic herb, is widely used for its ability to help the body adapt to stress. For individuals with ADHD, chronic stress and anxiety can worsen symptoms, such as inattention and impulsivity. Ashwagandha may help reduce anxiety levels, promote relaxation, and improve mental clarity, all of which can contribute to better symptom management.
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis): A member of the mint family, is known for its calming properties. Traditionally used to relieve anxiety and stress, lemon balm may also help soothe restlessness, a common symptom of ADHD. For both children and adults, lemon balm may promote mental calmness, enabling better concentration and focus. (14)
Kava (Piper methysticum): A herb that helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. For individuals with ADHD, kava may help manage anxiety, a common issue that can exacerbate symptoms like inattention and impulsivity. By promoting relaxation and mental calm, kava may help improve focus and overall cognitive performance in those with ADHD.
Maritime Pine Bark (Pinus pinaster): This herb contains a potent antioxidant compound known as pycnogenol. Pycnogenol has been shown to have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial for individuals with ADHD.
While herbal remedies can be a valuable tool in managing ADHD symptoms, it is best to consult with a health professional before starting any new treatment.
Conclusion
ADHD can be challenging, but early herbal interventions can offer natural support for focus, reduced hyperactivity, and help manage impulsivity. While these remedies can complement traditional treatments, it's important to consult a healthcare professional before trying new options.